Haydn: String Quartets Op. 76, Nos. 1-3
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Composer: Franz Joseph HaydnPerformer: Kodaly Quartet
Edition: Music CD
CD Release Date: 1992-09-04
Music Label: Naxos
Soundtracks:
- String quartet in G major, op.76 no.1: Allegro con spirito
- String quartet in G major, op.76 no.1: Adagio sostenuto
- String quartet in G major, op.76 no.1: Menuetto: Presto
- String quartet in G major, op.76 no.1: Finale: Allegro ma non troppo
- String quartet in D minor, op.76 no.2: Allegro
- String quartet in D minor, op.76 no.2: Andante o piu tosto allegretto
- String quartet in D minor, op.76 no.2: Allegro ma non troppo
- String quartet in D minor, op.76 no.2: Vivace assai
- String quartet in C major, op.76 no.3: : Allegro
- String quartet in C major, op.76 no.3: Poco adagio, cantabile
- String quartet in C major, op.76 no.3: Menuetto: Allegro
- String quartet in C major, op.76 no.3: Finale: Presto
Music reviews of Haydn: String Quartets Op. 76, Nos. 1-3
Music Review: Exploring the Haydn Quartets - Op. 76 nos. 1-3
Rating: 5 Stars
Although most listeners tend to regard Joseph Haydn (1732-1809) as primarily a composer of symphonies, his string quartets span a larger portion of his compositional career. Haydn wrote his first quartet while in his twenties and his final quartet in 1801. The quartets show Haydn at his best. They are full of melody, counterpoint, and collaboration and dialog among the four instruments They are an ideal introduction to chamber music and a source of endless joy to explore.
The six quartets of opus 76, known as the "Erody" quartets were composed in 1797 when Haydn was at the height of his powers. They were written during the same period that saw the composition of Haydn's oratorios "The Creation" and "The Seasons". The CD under review consists of the first three of the opus 76 quartets performed by the Kodaly Quartet. This group has recorded the entire Haydn quartet cycle on Naxos at a budget price. There is no better recording of this music to be found. This CD has received the Penguin "rosette" award for recordings of outstanding merit.
The first quartet,in G major, opens with three emphatic chords followed by the entrance of each of the four instruments in turn beginning with the cello. There is a swinging secondary theme for solo violin. The second movement, marked adagio sostenuto, begins with a glowing theme stated in unison by all four instruments. The opening theme is followed by a duet between the cello and violin followed by an embellished return of the opening. The menuet is marked presto and moves in the direction of a Beethoven scherzo. The minuet theme is lively and skippy with spiked notes in the violin's upper register. The trio is a dance-like with the two violins echoing each other over plucked lower strings. The final movement is unusual in that it opens in the minor key. It features a great deal of contrapuntal writing among the instruments before finally turning into G major for its conclusion.
The second quartet, in D minor, is known as the "Quintem" after the opening movement, which consists of a theme in repeated falling fifths. Thie movement increases in intensity, and the falling fifths become the basis for harmonic accompaniment as well as for the primary theme. The second movement, andante, includes a lovely violin solo over an accompaniment which varies from plucked strings to bowed strings. The minuet in this quartet has a nickname of its own, the "Hexenmenuett" (Witches minuet). It is a highly unusual, rhythmic movemen in which the higher and lower strings alternate with each other in playing a bizarre, "witch-like" theme. The finale, marked vicace, begins quietly in the minor. The tempo becomes much quicker towards the end of the movement as it concludes in the major key. The "Quintem" is one of the best-known of Haydn's quartets.
The final work on this CD, the quartet in C major, is known as the "Emperor". The focus of this quartet is in the second movement, marked Poco adagio, cantabile. In the movement Haydn takes one of his own songs, which became the Austrian national anthem, and subjects it to a series of variations. (Franz Schubert also used one of his own songs as the basis for a slow movement in his "Death and the Maiden" quartet and in his "Trout" quintet.) The movement opens with the majestic theme played slowly in in unison. The theme is followed by four variations, each of which features one of the voices of the quartet playing the solo. In the first variation, the second violin has the lead, with much embellishment and filigree in the first violin. The cello sings the theme in the second variation with a subdued accompaniment. The third variation is given to the viola, with embellishment from its companions. The final movement features the first violin, with a more comlex interlacing of part-writing than in the prior three variations. This is stately, first-rate music. The three remaining movements of the quartet essentially showcase the "emperor" movement.
This CD consists of great music beautifully performed. I am pleased that the disk has received considerable attention and perceptive reviews on this site.
Description of Haydn: String Quartets Op. 76, Nos. 1-3
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